Liraglutide

The Liraglutide evidence base cited here is 7 sources — 4 clinical, 2 regulatory. Its strongest evidence is human — 4 clinical studies, most recently 2016 ("Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (LEADER)"). Regulatory status: FDA-approved (Victoza/Saxenda).

• The SCALE Obesity trial (NEJM 2015, n=3,731) demonstrated that liraglutide 3.0 mg as Saxenda produced a mean 8.4% body weight reduction vs 2.8% with placebo over 56 weeks — with 63.2% of participants achieving ≥5% weight loss, leading to FDA approval for chronic weight management.
• The LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial (NEJM 2016, n=9,340) showed liraglutide 1.8 mg significantly reduced the MACE composite endpoint by 13% (HR 0.87, p=0.01) in T2D patients at high cardiovascular risk over a median 3.8 years — establishing the first cardiovascular mortality benefit for a GLP-1 agonist.
• Liraglutide activates GLP-1 receptors with 97% amino acid homology to native GLP-1, with a C-16 fatty acid attachment enabling albumin binding and a half-life of ~13 hours allowing once-daily dosing; effects include glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, slowed gastric emptying, and hypothalamic appetite suppression.

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