PeptidePrices safety rating
3/10 · FDA-approved (Epogen)
EPO Prices
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The five cheapest in-stock package prices for EPO on each collected day, and the vendors that most often held those places.
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Current market data
EPO Price Report
What the market shows
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Research context
What is EPO? Research, safety, and status
EPO at a glance
Mechanism
Endogenous glycoprotein hormone; binds EPO receptor on erythroid progenitors; stimulates red blood cell production; increases oxygen-carrying capacity; also neuroprotective (via IRR).
Research areas
Anemia (renal, chemotherapy-related); athletic performance enhancement (banned in sport); altitude training preparation; ischemia; neuroprotection (research).
Regulatory / research status
FDA approved (restricted indication)
Half-life
SC: ~24 hours. IV: ~4-13 hours.
Storage
Lyophilized vial: store at -20°C long-term or 2-8°C short-term, protected from light.
Reported side effects
Polycythemia, thromboembolic events (DVT, stroke, PE, potentially fatal), hypertension, pure red cell aplasia, headache.
Safe ONLY in its monitored clinical indication (anemia, hematology-supervised). In non-anemic / endurance / performance use it raises hematocrit and carries serious thromboembolic risk, stroke, MI, pulmonary embolism, sudden death; historically linked to a cluster of endurance-athlete fatalities. Black-box warning in oncology. Rated low because the relevant real-world use here is high-risk and unmonitored. Safety ratings summarize published clinical data, adverse-event reporting, and regulatory status. How PeptidePrices rates evidence. Research information only, not medical advice.
Study highlights
- Erythropoietin is the master regulator of red blood cell production; it signals through a homodimeric receptor to activate JAK2/STAT5, PI3K, and Ras/MAPK pathways in erythroid progenitors, driving their survival, proliferation, and terminal differentiation into hemoglobin-producing reticulocytes.
- A Phase III RCT in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy showed EPO completely prevented hemoglobin drops below 10 g/dL in the treatment arm (0% vs. 52% in controls), establishing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) as standard supportive care for chemotherapy-induced anemia.
- Newer oral HIF-PH inhibitors such as daprodustat demonstrated non-inferiority to injectable ESAs in dialysis patients in the landmark ASCEND-D NEJM trial (2021), with an oral route and reduced cardiovascular adverse signals compared to high-dose ESA therapy.
- Beyond hematopoiesis, EPO receptors are expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells throughout the brain; animal models of stroke and traumatic brain injury show EPO administration reduces lesion size and improves neurological outcomes, though translating this to human CNS therapy remains challenging.
Selected references
- Biology of erythropoietin · Haematologica, 1998
- Randomized phase III trial evaluating the role of erythropoietin in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced anemia · J Clin Oncol, 1997
- Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis · N Engl J Med, 2021
- Roxadustat Versus Epoetin Alfa for Treating Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis: ROCKIES Study · J Am Soc Nephrol, 2022
- Role of erythropoietin in the brain · Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2007
- Progress in the Detection of Erythropoietin in Blood, Urine, and Tissue · Molecules, 2023
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