HGH Fragment 176-191

The HGH Fragment 176-191 evidence base cited here is 5 sources — 1 clinical, 3 preclinical. Its strongest evidence is human — a clinical study, most recently 2013 ("Safety and Tolerability of AOD-9604 in Humans"). Regulatory status: Not FDA-approved.

• HGH Fragment 176-191 (AOD9604), a 16-amino-acid C-terminal fragment of hGH with a Tyr→Phe substitution at position 177, produces fat-selective lipolytic effects without binding the hGH receptor, without stimulating IGF-1 production, and without affecting insulin sensitivity or promoting tissue growth — demonstrating that the growth and metabolic functions of hGH are structurally separable.
• Chronic treatment with AOD9604 in obese mice reduced body weight, increased in vivo fat oxidation, and elevated plasma glycerol (index of lipolysis); crucially, beta-3 adrenergic receptor knockout mice were unresponsive to AOD9604, identifying beta-3 AR upregulation as an obligate downstream mechanism for long-term lipolytic effects.
• In obese mice, oral AOD9604 administered for 30 days significantly reduced body weight gain, increased in vitro lipolytic activity, and decreased lipogenic activity in isolated human adipose tissue, providing the preclinical basis for human trials.

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